学术前沿|国际top期刊中“环境”方面的最新文章
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1How Does Straw Burning Affect Urban Air Quality in China?
秸秆焚烧如何影响中国城市空气质量?[1]
作者:Shiqi Guo
发表日期:《American Journal of Agricultural Economics》 ,14 August 2020
摘要(中英文):Over the past decade,straw burning has been debated as one of the causes of severe air pollution in developing countries.However, the magnitude and pattern of its impact on air quality have not been precisely estimated.This study employs remote sensing data on straw fires from different satellite sources and examines its overall impact on urban air quality in China. Exploiting daily variations in straw burning activities and air pollution with a difference-in-differences strategy across 290 cities and 620 days,I find a clear temporal pattern for the straw burning effect. On the first day after burning,the index of air pollution increases by 6.5 in urban areas, equivalent to 9.4% of the mean.This impact decreases over time and remains significant for at least eight days.The effect is larger for fires located in the upwind direction relative to urban areas and is limited with lower wind speed.In terms of distance,pollution is mostly driven by straw fires within 100 km from urban centers but could also be influenced by fires as far as 600 km away. Among different pollutants,particulate matters are increased most by straw fires.The effect is largest and most persistent in October and November,when straw burning prevails in the north after harvest,but is also non-negligible in other seasons.
在过去的十年里,秸秆燃烧一直被认为是发展中国家严重空气污染的原因之一。然而,其对空气质量影响的程度和模式尚未得到精确估计。本研究利用不同卫星源的秸秆火灾遥感数据,分析了秸秆火灾对中国城市空气质量的总体影响。利用290个城市和620天的差异策略,通过研究秸秆燃烧活动和空气污染的日变化,我发现了一个清楚的秸秆燃烧效应的时间模式。在燃烧后的第一天,城市空气污染指数上升了6.5,相当于平均值的9.4%。这种影响随着时间的推移而减少,并在至少8天内保持显著。相对于城市地区,位于逆风方向的火灾影响更大,风速较低时影响有限。就距离而言,污染主要是由距离城市中心100公里以内的秸秆火灾造成的,但也可能受到远达600公里以外的火灾影响。在不同的污染物中,秸秆燃烧增加的颗粒物最多。这种影响在10月和11月最为显著和持久——这两个季节是北方收获后普遍燃烧秸秆的季节,但在其他季节也是不可忽视的。
关键词(中英文):Agriculture fire;Air pollution;China;Staw burning
农业火灾;空气污染;中国;秸秆焚烧
期刊介绍:《AJAE》全称为《American Journal of Agricultural Economics》(《美国农业经济学杂志》),最新影响因子为4.082,刊载方向为管理科学-农业经济与政策。
2Disentangling the effects of air pollutants with many instruments
利用多种仪器解释空气污染的影响[2]
作者:Alexandre Godzinski , Milena Suarez Castillo
发表日期:《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》, Volume 109, September 2021
摘要(中英文):Air pollution poses a major threat to human health. Far from unidimensional, air pollution is multifaceted, but quasi-experimental studies have been struggling to grasp the consequences of the multiple hazards. By selecting optimal instruments from a novel and large set of altitude–weather instrumental variables, we disentangle the impact of five air pollutants in a comprehensive assessment of their short-term health impact in the largest urban areas of France over 2010–2015. We find that higher levels of at least two air pollutants, ozone and sulfur dioxide, lead to more respiratory-related emergency admissions. Children and elderly are mostly affected. Carbon monoxide increases emergency admissions for cardiovascular diseases while particulate matter is found responsible for increasing the cardiovascular-related mortality rate, and sulfur dioxide the respiratory-related mortality rate. Assuming a five air pollutants context, we show that an analyst who ignored the presence of interrelations between air pollutants would have reached partially false conclusions.
空气污染对人类健康构成重大威胁。空气污染的危害远非一维,而是多方面的,诸多学者一直在努力利用准实验研究掌握多种危害的后果。通过从一组新颖的大型海拔-天气仪器变量中选择最佳仪器,我们在综合评估 2010 年至 2015 年法国最大城市地区的短期健康影响时,分析了五种空气污染物的影响。我们发现,至少两种空气污染物臭氧和二氧化硫水平较高,会导致更多与呼吸相关的紧急入院。儿童和老人受到的影响最大。一氧化碳增加心血管疾病的紧急入院率,而颗粒物被发现负责增加心血管相关死亡率,二氧化硫增加呼吸相关死亡率。假设有五种空气污染物的背景,我们表明忽略空气污染物之间存在相互关系的分析师会得出部分错误的结论。
关键词(中英文):Air pollution; Health; Emergency hospital admissions; Mortality; IV Lasso
空气污染;健康;急诊住院;死亡率;工具变量套索
期刊介绍:《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》发表理论和实证论文,解决与自然资源和环境相关的经济问题,最新影响因子为4.624。
3Environmental effect of flattening administrative structure on local water quality: A county-level analysis of China’s County-Power-Expansion reform
扁平化行政结构对当地水质的环境效应:中国县域—权力—扩张改革的县级分析[3]
作者:Song Deyong; Zhang Qi; Yang Liuqingqing
发表日期:《Journal of Cleaner Production》,Volume 276, 2020
摘要(中英文):This paper examines the environmental effect of flattening administrative structure on local water quality. By taking the County-Power-Expansion reform as a quasi-natural experiment for delayering, we employ the Generalized Difference-in-Differences (GDD) model and a unique county-level dataset from 2004 to 2010 to examine the impact of this reform on county water pollution. The results show that, after this reform, the water pollution indicators of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NH 3 –N, and Permanganate in pilot counties decrease by 21.9%, 21.8%, and 14.3%, respectively, while dissolved oxygen (DO) as a reverse pollution index increases by 5.74%. Through the identification of intermediary mechanisms, this paper finds that the structure upgrading effect, the fiscal improvement effect, and demand anti-driving effect are the main factors. In conclusion, delayering can significantly improve local environmental performance. It provides a new direction for the local government to implement a comprehensive flattening structural reform and win the battle against severe environmental pollution.
本文研究扁平化行政结构对当地水质的环境效应。我们将县扩权改革作为延迟性的准自然实验,采用广义差分( GDD )模型和2004 ~ 2010年独特的县级数据集,考察这一改革对县域水污染的影响。结果表明,本次改革后,试点县生化需氧量( BOD )、NH3 - N、高锰酸盐的水污染指标分别下降21.9 %、21.8 %、14.3 %,而溶解氧( DO )作为反向污染指标上升5.74 %。通过对中介机制的识别,本文发现结构升级效应、财政改善效应、需求反驱动效应是主要影响因素。总之,延迟可以显著改善当地的环境绩效。为地方政府实施全面扁平化结构改革,打赢严峻的环境污染攻坚战提供了新的方向。
关键词(中英文):Local water quality; Flattening administrative structure; County-Power-Expansion reform; Generalized Difference-in-Differences
当地水质;扁平化行政结构;县域权力扩张;广义双重差分
期刊介绍:《Journal of Cleaner Production》是一本国际性的跨学科期刊,专注于清洁生产、环境和可持续发展的研究与实践。用于解决和讨论理论和实践清洁生产,包括企业、政府、教育机构、地区和社会的环境和可持续性问题,最新影响因子为9.297。
4Temporal-Spatial Differentiation and Optimization Analysis of Cultivated Land Green Utilization Efficiency in China
中国耕地绿色利用效率时空分异及优化分析[4]
作者:Qianru Chen; Hualin Xie
发表日期:《Land》,Volume 8,Issue 11. 2019
摘要(中英文):Cultivated land is closely related to national food security, rural economic development and social stability. The cultivated land pollution and carbon emissions caused by chemical fertilizers, pesticides, film residues, etc., in the process of cultivated land utilization pose a serious threat to the cultivated land ecosystem in China. The comprehensive analysis on the cultivated land green utilization efficiency (GUECL), its influencing factors, and optimization direction provides a valuable basis for the green utilization of cultivated land. Based on a panel data of 30 provinces (cities or districts) in China from 2001 to 2016, the GUECL in China under the constraints of pollution and carbon emissions was measured by using a super-efficient SBM-VRS (slack based model-variable return to scale) model. The influencing factors and optimization directions of the GUECL were analyzed through the Tobit model and slack values, respectively. The results show that the GUECL in China rose with fluctuations from 2001 to 2016. Since 2014, the eastern region has surpassed the western region and has become the region with the highest mean GUECL value. The room for resource conservation and pollution reduction varies in different regions of China. Farmers’ dependence on cultivated land and agricultural added value are positively related to the GUECL in China. Farmers’ occupational differentiation, agricultural machinery density, and agricultural disaster rate have had negative effects on the GUECL in China. The loss of the GUECL in China is mainly due to the redundancies of land input, pollution emission, and mechanical input. By analyzing these influencing factors and optimization directions, it is concluded that improving rural land transfer market and agricultural infrastructure construction, establishing a new agricultural technology extension system, and vigorously cultivating new professional farmers are the targeted measures to improve the GUECL.
耕地关系到国家粮食安全、农村经济发展和社会稳定。化肥、农药、薄膜残留等造成的耕地污染和碳排放,在耕地利用过程中对我国耕地生态系统构成严重威胁。耕地绿色利用效率( GUECL )及其影响因素、优化方向的综合分析为耕地绿色利用提供了有价值的依据。基于2001 - 2016年中国30个省(市、区)的面板数据,采用超效率SBM - VRS (松弛基模型-变量规模回归)模型测度了污染和碳排放约束下中国的GUECL。通过Tobit模型和松弛值分别分析了GUECL的影响因素和优化方向。结果显示,2001年至2016年,中国GUECL呈波动上升趋势。2014年以来,东部地区已超过西部地区,成为GUECL均值最高的地区。我国不同地区的资源节约和污染减排空间不同。中国农户对耕地的依赖程度和农业增加值与GUECL正相关。农民职业分化、农业机械密度、农业受灾率等因素对我国GUECL产生了负面影响。GUECL在中国的流失主要是由于土地投入、污染排放和机械投入的冗馀。通过分析这些影响因素和优化方向,得出完善农村土地流转市场和农业基础设施建设、建立新型农业技术推广体系、大力培育新型职业农民是完善GUECL的针对性措施。
关键词(中英文):Green utilization efficiency of cultivated land (GUECL); Super-efficiency SBM-VRS model; Optimization direction; Influencing factors
耕地绿色利用效率(GUECL);SBM-VRS模型;优化方向;影响因素
期刊介绍:《Land》是一本关注于土地利用/土地变化、土地管理、土地系统科学、景观、土壤-沉积-水系统、城市环境、城乡互动、土地-气候的期刊,最新影响因子为3.395。
参考资料
秸秆焚烧如何影响中国城市空气质量?: 文献链接:https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12132
[2]利用多种仪器解释空气污染的影响: 文献链接:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102489
[3]扁平化行政结构对当地水质的环境效应:中国县域—权力—扩张改革的县级分析: 文献链接:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620333011?via%3Dihub
[4]中国耕地绿色利用效率时空分异及优化分析: 文献链接:https://www.sci-hub.ren/10.3390/land8110158
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